Cancer – Brief Overview of Complimentary Care

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This article is to address the possible complimentary treatments for cancer care and whether there is any evidence for their effectiveness.

Cancer remains a significant global health issue, affecting millions of people worldwide each year. The diagnosis is heart breaking and generally has an effect on everyone in society at some point. It’s often cited that approximately 1 in 3 people will develop cancer in their lifetime, and whilst the illness does carry a significant awareness in the public, it’s still a incredibly difficult illness to treat and care for.

Cancer care encompasses a multidisciplinary approach involving diagnosis, treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and supportive care.

Whilst the medical community is quite good for cancer support because of the push for awareness in this disease in the last few decades, the situation is that you’ll find yourself wanting to do everything you can to improve your chances with treatment, even after you’ve been seen by an oncologist and have been diagnosed, and have been treated with something like chemotherapy/immunotherapy/radiation therapy, it can weigh on your mind that there’s a lot more you can do to improve your chances.

Yes, you’ll be given resources and advice about how to deal with cancer care. There’s charities and resources with tons of information to go through, but ultimately it’s the patient and their family who are dealing with those changes to their lifestyle and the choices they need to make.

Many patients will research their cancer extensively themselves, delving into every bit of knowledge they can to improve their chances. You do feel the need to become an expert in your own health. There might be treatments abroad or at certain hospitals, specialist surgeries or medications on trial that are an option that your oncologist might not be aware of, so it’s often up to you to research everything you can.

What’s difficult to navigate is all the complimentary and alternative treatments that are spread around mostly on the internet. Doctors generally tell patients to not look on the internet too much about conditions and to listen to experts directly, but doctors only have a certain amount of time for each patient, and the patient themselves has most of the responsibility for the direction of their own care outside of hospital admission. Trusting expert oncologists is definitely the right thing to do, but there’s a limit to how much time they can spend on you. You’re one of many patients to them, and by nature doctors advise patients statistically, whereas patients will often want to try things even if they have a less than 1% chance, because it’s their health and life on the line.

So what are all the different complimentary things you can do for your cancer care?

The common ones are well known and involve the general improvement of physical and mental health, these include things like physical therapy, massage, hydrotherapy, mindfulness practices, and nutritional support.

Mental therapy and mood management in cancer care involve psychological support and counselling aimed at addressing emotional distress, anxiety, depression, and coping strategies, essential for improving quality of life and overall well-being throughout the cancer journey.

Since many cancer patients undergo chemotherapy, it’s paramount that they have a strong physical and mental constitution to get through the difficulties that chemotherapy induces as side effects.

Lesser Known Treatments

While physical treatments for cancer often include well-known interventions like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, there are also lesser-known approaches that have shown effectiveness in supporting cancer care. These may not be as widely recognized but have gained attention in research and clinical practice.

1. Hyperthermia Therapy: Hyperthermia therapy involves heating the body or specific targeted areas to temperatures higher than normal (typically around 40-45°C). This approach can be used alongside other cancer treatments, such as radiation therapy or chemotherapy, to enhance their effectiveness. Hyperthermia may help increase blood flow to tumors, improve oxygenation, and make cancer cells more sensitive to radiation or chemotherapy.
2. Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy, or cryosurgery, involves using extreme cold to freeze and destroy cancer cells. This approach is often used to treat localized tumors, particularly in areas where traditional surgery may be difficult or risky. Cryotherapy can be an effective treatment for certain types of skin cancer, prostate cancer, and liver cancer.
3. Electrochemotherapy: Electrochemotherapy combines the use of electric pulses with chemotherapy drugs to enhance the uptake of chemotherapy by cancer cells. This approach can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy while minimizing side effects. Electrochemotherapy is often used to treat skin cancers and superficial tumors.
4. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU): HIFU uses focused ultrasound waves to heat and destroy cancer cells in targeted areas of the body. This non-invasive approach can be used to treat certain types of tumors, including prostate cancer, uterine fibroids, and liver tumors, with minimal damage to surrounding tissues.
5. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): PDT involves the use of a photosensitizing agent and light energy to destroy cancer cells. The photosensitizing agent is administered either orally or intravenously and accumulates in cancer cells. When exposed to light of a specific wavelength, the agent produces a form of oxygen that kills the cancer cells. PDT is used to treat various types of cancer, including skin cancer, lung cancer, and esophageal cancer.
6. Radioembolization: Radioembolization, also known as selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), involves delivering radioactive microspheres directly to tumors through the bloodstream. This approach targets liver tumors, such as those caused by metastatic colorectal cancer, with high doses of radiation while sparing healthy liver tissue.
7. Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT): LLLT, also known as photobiomodulation therapy, involves using low-level lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to stimulate cellular function and promote tissue healing. While primarily used for supportive care, LLLT has shown promise in managing cancer-related symptoms such as oral mucositis, pain, and lymphedema.

Emerging Treatments

There are several emerging and innovative treatments for cancer that hold promise but may not be widely known yet. Some of these include:

1. CAR T-Cell Therapy: CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy that involves genetically modifying a patient’s own immune cells to recognize and attack cancer cells. It has shown remarkable success in treating certain types of blood cancers, such as leukemia and lymphoma.
2. Cancer Vaccines: Cancer vaccines work by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. They can be used to prevent cancer (preventive vaccines) or to treat existing cancer (therapeutic vaccines). Research in this area is ongoing, with promising results in various types of cancer.
3. Precision Medicine and Targeted Therapies: Precision medicine involves tailoring cancer treatment to the specific genetic makeup of an individual’s tumor. Targeted therapies are drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth and progression. These approaches allow for more personalized and effective treatment options with fewer side effects.
4. Nanotechnology: Nanotechnology involves the use of tiny particles (nanoparticles) to deliver drugs or other therapeutic agents directly to cancer cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. This approach can enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and other treatments while reducing side effects.
5. Immunomodulators: Immunomodulators are drugs that help modulate the immune system’s response to cancer. They can boost the immune system’s ability to recognize and attack cancer cells or suppress immune responses that promote tumor growth. Research in this area is ongoing, with potential applications in various types of cancer.
6. Epigenetic Therapies: Epigenetic therapies target changes in gene expression that occur in cancer cells without altering the underlying DNA sequence. These therapies can help reverse abnormal gene expression patterns associated with cancer and restore normal cell function.
7. Oncolytic Viruses: Oncolytic viruses are viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. They can be engineered to specifically target and destroy cancer cells, leading to tumor regression and improved outcomes.
8. Metabolic Therapies: Metabolic therapies target the unique metabolic characteristics of cancer cells to inhibit their growth and survival. These therapies exploit differences in metabolism between cancer cells and normal cells, offering potential new avenues for treatment.

While these treatments hold promise, it’s important to note that many are still in the early stages of development or undergoing clinical trials. Additionally, not all emerging treatments will ultimately prove to be effective or safe for widespread use.

Cannabis – CBD and THC

The use of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidiol) in cancer care is an area of ongoing research, and while some studies suggest potential benefits, the evidence is still evolving and not conclusive.

• Pain Management: Some studies have shown that THC and CBD, either alone or in combination, may help alleviate cancer-related pain in certain individuals. However, the effectiveness can vary widely among patients.
• Nausea and Vomiting: THC has been used in some cancer patients to reduce nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. However, the use of THC for this purpose is not always effective, and side effects such as dizziness and cognitive impairment can occur.
• Appetite Stimulation: THC has been reported to stimulate appetite, which may be beneficial for cancer patients experiencing loss of appetite or cachexia (wasting syndrome). However, the use of THC for this purpose is not universally effective and may not be suitable for all patients.
• Anti-cancer Properties: Some preclinical studies have suggested that cannabinoids, including THC and CBD, may have anti-cancer properties by inhibiting tumor growth and inducing cancer cell death in laboratory settings. However, more research is needed to understand the clinical implications of these findings and whether cannabinoids can be effectively used as anti-cancer agents in humans.

Traditional Chinese Medicine

Chinese herbal treatments for cancer are a component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and are often used in conjunction with other therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

Many Western doctors have a dim view of traditional Chinese medicine, because of it’s history as a non-scientific method of health treatment.

It’s important to note that the effectiveness and safety of these treatments may vary, and they should be used under the guidance of qualified practitioners.

Here are some Chinese herbal treatments commonly used in cancer care:

1. Huang Qi (Astragalus): Huang Qi is used in TCM to tonify Qi (vital energy) and strengthen the body’s defenses. It is believed to enhance immune function and improve resistance to illness, including cancer.
2. Yun Zhi (Coriolus Versicolor): Yun Zhi, also known as Turkey Tail mushroom, has been used in TCM for centuries to support immune function. Some research suggests that it may have anti-cancer properties and could potentially enhance the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
3. Ban Zhi Lian (Scutellaria Barbata): Ban Zhi Lian is a Chinese herb that has been studied for its potential anti-cancer properties. It is believed to inhibit cancer cell growth and promote apoptosis (cell death) in certain types of cancer.
4. Bai Hua She She Cao (Oldenlandia): Bai Hua She She Cao is used in TCM to clear heat and toxins from the body. Some research suggests that it may have anti-cancer properties and could potentially enhance the effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy.
5. Xiao Chai Hu Tang (Minor Bupleurum Decoction): Xiao Chai Hu Tang is a traditional herbal formula used in TCM to harmonize the body’s energy and treat conditions such as liver cancer. It contains several herbs, including Bupleurum, Scutellaria, and Ginseng, and is believed to have anti-cancer effects.
6. San Leng (Rhizoma Sparganii): San Leng is used in TCM to invigorate blood circulation and remove blood stasis. It has been studied for its potential anti-cancer properties and may help inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
7. Dang Gui (Angelica Sinensis): Dang Gui is a commonly used herb in TCM to tonify blood and regulate menstrual cycles. It is also believed to have immune-modulating and anti-cancer effects and may be used as part of a comprehensive cancer treatment plan.
8. Shan Dou Gen (Sophora Root): Shan Dou Gen is used in TCM to clear heat and toxins from the body and has been studied for its potential anti-cancer properties. It may help inhibit cancer cell growth and promote apoptosis in certain types of cancer.
9. Jin Yin Hua (Honeysuckle Flower): Jin Yin Hua is used in TCM to clear heat and toxins from the body and has been studied for its potential anti-cancer effects. It may help inhibit tumor growth and enhance the immune response to cancer.

It’s important to note that while Chinese herbal treatments may offer potential benefits for cancer patients, much more research is needed to fully understand their effectiveness and safety.

Dietary Options

These dietary options have been studied for their potential benefits in cancer treatment:

• Green Tea: Green tea contains polyphenols, particularly epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which have antioxidant properties and may help protect against cancer by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the growth of cancer cells.
• Cruciferous Vegetables: Vegetables such as broccoli, cabbage, kale, and Brussels sprouts are rich in compounds like sulforaphane and indole-3-carbinol, which have been shown to have anti-cancer effects and may help reduce the risk of certain cancers.
• Berries: Berries such as strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, and blackberries are high in antioxidants and other bioactive compounds that have been associated with a reduced risk of cancer and may help inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
• Turmeric: Turmeric contains curcumin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Curcumin has been studied for its potential to inhibit the growth of cancer cells and may help enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatment.
• Garlic: Garlic contains sulfur compounds such as allicin, which have been shown to have anti-cancer effects. Garlic may help reduce the risk of certain cancers and inhibit the growth of cancer cells.
• Tomatoes: Tomatoes are rich in lycopene, a carotenoid with antioxidant properties that has been associated with a reduced risk of certain cancers, particularly prostate cancer.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines), flaxseeds, and walnuts, have anti-inflammatory properties and may help reduce inflammation associated with cancer and improve treatment outcomes.
• Citrus Fruits: Citrus fruits such as oranges, lemons, limes, and grapefruits are high in vitamin C and other antioxidants that help boost the immune system and may have anti-cancer effects.
• Mushrooms: Certain mushrooms, such as shiitake, maitake, and reishi, contain bioactive compounds like beta-glucans and polysaccharides that have been studied for their potential anti-cancer properties and immune-boosting effects.

Vitamin and Herbal Supplements

Supplements are sometimes controversial because many of the benefits are exaggerated in order to sell the supplements. Nevertheless various supplements have shown some promise in various medical trials, just not always conclusively.

• Glutamine: Glutamine is an amino acid that plays a role in immune function and may help support muscle mass and reduce the risk of infections in cancer patients undergoing treatment.
• Vitamin D: Adequate levels of vitamin D are important for overall health, and some research suggests that vitamin D supplementation may help improve outcomes in cancer patients, including reducing the risk of recurrence and improving survival rates.
• Melatonin: Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles, and some research suggests that melatonin supplementation may help improve sleep quality and reduce fatigue in cancer patients undergoing treatment.
• Ginseng: Ginseng has been studied for its potential anti-fatigue effects in cancer patients undergoing treatment. Some research suggests that ginseng supplementation may help reduce cancer-related fatigue and improve quality of life.
• Protein Supplements: Protein is important for maintaining muscle mass and supporting overall health, and some cancer patients may benefit from protein supplementation, particularly if they are experiencing weight loss or muscle wasting.
• Acetyl-L-Carnitine: Acetyl-L-carnitine is a compound that may help reduce neuropathy, a common side effect of chemotherapy, in cancer patients. Some research suggests that acetyl-L-carnitine supplementation may help alleviate neuropathic symptoms and improve quality of life.

Some lesser known supplements are also undergoing research for cancer care and are as follows:

• Artemisinin: Derived from the sweet wormwood plant, artemisinin and its derivatives have been studied for their potential anti-cancer properties, particularly against certain types of cancer cells. Research is ongoing to understand their mechanisms of action and effectiveness in cancer treatment.
• Pterostilbene: Similar to resveratrol found in red grapes, pterostilbene is a polyphenol with antioxidant properties that has been studied for its potential anti-cancer effects. It may help inhibit cancer cell growth and promote apoptosis (cell death) in some types of cancer.
• Poly-MVA: Poly-MVA is an expensive dietary supplement containing a proprietary blend of minerals, vitamins, and amino acids, including lipoic acid and palladium. Some proponents claim that it may help support energy production in cells and enhance the effectiveness of cancer treatments, but scientific evidence is limited.
• Arabinogalactan: Arabinogalactan is a polysaccharide found in certain plants, including larch trees. It has been studied for its potential immune-modulating effects and anti-cancer properties, although research in humans is limited.
• Modified Citrus Pectin: Modified citrus pectin is a soluble fiber derived from citrus fruit peels that has been studied for its potential anti-cancer effects. It may help inhibit cancer cell adhesion and metastasis, although more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
• Selenium: Selenium is a trace mineral with antioxidant properties that has been studied for its potential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Some research suggests that selenium supplementation may reduce the risk of certain cancers, but results have been inconsistent.
• Graviola (Soursop): Graviola, also known as soursop or Annona muricata, is a tropical fruit tree whose leaves, fruit, and seeds have been studied for their potential anti-cancer properties. Some laboratory studies suggest that graviola extracts may inhibit cancer cell growth, but more research is needed to understand their effectiveness and safety in humans.
• Arctigenin: Arctigenin is a bioactive compound found in plants such as burdock root and greater burdock. It has been studied for its potential anti-cancer effects, including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis, although research is still in the early stages.

It’s important to remember to strategically approach all these potential complimentary treatments. It’s not exactly ideal to just take everything you can. First you should definitely consult your oncologist and thoroughly research each option.

Some of the anti-cancer properties of certain things are sadly vastly over-exaggerated, because unfortunately there are people out there who sell products to take advantage of people’s desperation for an effective treatment. You should be aware of this fact but not let it destroy your hope.

Having a positive outlook at all times might seem almost impossible but it’s by far one of the most important factors to better health.

Engaging with everything your specialist advises is obviously the first step. Your own research should compliment your specialist’s strategy rather than replace it. It can be easy to be overwhelmed with health issues, so taking things one step at a time is preferable to scrambling and causing yourself unneeded stress.